Steam boiler



Jan. 3, 1928. 1,655,058

c. G. HAWLEY STEAM BOILER Filed s ept. 24; 1921 imam,

l l a 7 H515 20 Wm@ v am i: igy' MMM` Patented Jan. 3, 1928.

UNITED STATES PATENT QFFICE.

CHARLES GILBERT HAWLEY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

STEAM BOILER.

Application filed September 24, 1921. Serial No. 503,064l

To thesevends my invention comprises. a plurality of banks of vertical water tubes andthe upperand lower drums belonging to them, in combination with a plurality of Waterl circulating and steaming walls or thermic'siphons which are connected with said drums tol enforce circulation therein,- andV all such elements. being connected and placed in cross-communication by crossheaders. respectively at the ends of said upper and lower drums.y

rIhe invention also corr'iprisesl other novel constructions and combinations hereinafter detailed.

My invention will be readily understood on reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 is avert-ical, longitudinal 30 section of a steam boiler embodying my in-V vention, the section beingtaken substantially on theline 1-1 of the next figure; Fig. 2 is atop view of the boiler, partly in horizontal section 4on the line 2--2` of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is an elevation` of the upper part of the boiler front,'partly in cross-section, as required to show the Vinteriors of the top drums and the manner in which the hollow water-walls communicate therewith; Fig. 4t is a detail view showing how the intermediate waterwalls are joined to the bottom cross header; Fig. 5 illustrates a modified form which may be adopted for the front ends of the upper drums of the boiler; Figs. 6 and 7 are horizontal sectional details of the water-Walkenlarged, on respective lines 6 and 7 of Fig. l;

and Fig. S is a sectional detail on the line 8 of Fig. 1.

The top of such aboiler may comprise any required number of cylindrical drums. Usually these are oftwo sizes or kinds; namely, a main drum or drums 2, of the larger size; and a secondary drum or drums, 3, of the smaller size. boiler preferably correspond, in size, to the main drums, 2; but, as shown, they are only the highest ratings and yet beof'low original @10st and adapted. fOr.. maintenait@ at; little.

The lower drums, 4, of the.

about half as long and are positioned beneath the rear half of the upper drums. By preference all of the drums are large enough tofreely admita workman for purposes of inspection n and work upon the interior ofthe. boiler.

I At thefback'eiid, allnof thelower drums arev cross connected by a` fully staybolted cross header, Preferably thereis'a like header at each end of the, upperdrums. Theoreticallysuch'a header ifl placed at either front orjback endsofzthe top drums would'serve all necessary cross communication purposes; but

practically, and for the.. sake of both cross communication and structural unity and integrity, the use, of two top headers is recomf mended, The forward top header is marked 6, in the drawings; andtherear top header isV marked 7. Throughout, the drums and headersarestayed by extraheavy bolts 8, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. In addition all flat surfaces of the headers are stayed by properly spaced smaller staybolts. For the sake of clearness, thelatter have been omitted from the drawing. The necessary man holes 9, and their covers 9', are lprovided in the outer sides ofthe headers 5, 6 and 7 and allow access to the interiors of the respective drums.

The partsmarked 10 are banks of water tubes, of large numberand extensive heating surface, which join each bottom drum with the main drum above it.

The partll is a feed water pipe leading into the back header, 5. blow-off pipe which leads from the bottom of theheader The part 12 is an added blow-oli1 connection leading from the bottom of the drum L1, at a point near its forward end. Preferably a blowfolf, 12, is provided for each bottom drum 4.

The boiler as a whole is enclosed by the walls or setting 13. A bridge-wall 14 crosses the enclosed lire chamber directly ahead of the bottom drums, 4. The parts 15 are cross baflies among the banks of tubes l0, andform a tortuous gas passage which leads to the outlet or breeching 16.

As will be apparent, the top headers 6 and 7 rest upon the setting 13, or are suspended thereabove and constitute ideal anehorages for the assembled boiler.

The space 17 forward of the bridge wall is y The part 12 is a grate 18 to the underside of the top drums. The roof of the fire chamber as a whole is completed by properly shaped key brick 19, and slanting brick 20, whch. close the spaces between the drums and setting, as best shown in The fire chamber proper, 17, is occupied by the longitudinally positioned, transversely spaced, vertical water-walls, 21. One such water-wall is provided for each top drum, 2, and one for each top drum 3. As indicated, vthe. drums 3 are smaller than the drums2, and nest between them and above the top of adjacent banks of tubes 10. The use of the smaller drums, 3, admits of the employment of wide banks of tubes 10 and yet'obviates the difficulty which would be presented if such widely spaced large drums were used and wide openings left to be closed by brick-work between the large drums. But more important is the fact that by this construction or combination of large and small drums (reaching from header 6 .to header 7) I make it possible to employ a fully adequate number of water steaming and circulating walls, 21, within a fire chamber, 17, of normal width.

Each hollow water-wall is formed of boiler plate with spaced apart sides that are joined vby properly spaced stay bolts 21. The upright ends 21x and 21y of the water wall are formed by closing together the edges of the boiler plate material and weld ingvthe edges as clearly shown in Figs. 6

and 7. At the top, the edges of the water wall merge with or are joined to the bottom of the respective top drum, and therefore, thewhole top of the water wall or passage opens directly into the drum. The opening itself has the form of a long, narrow slot, usually about half as long as the drum itself, as clearly indicated by the reference numeral 22, in Figs. 2 and 3. Such is the outlet opening of the water wall. The only inlet opening of the water wall is found at the bottom rear corner thereof, and is there marked by an extended tubular portion or neck 212. In the case of the walls, 21, which depend from the main drums, 2, this intake neck is directly and tightly jointed to the head, f, of the corresponding bottom drum 1l. In the case of the intermediate water walls, namely, those which depend from the smaller or secondary drums, 3, the neck portion, 212, is protracted or elongated and becomes a large pipe, 23, that extends back to, and opens into, the bottom header 5. Each water wall has a slanting bottom, 21V, the

cross-sectional form of which is shown in Fig. 8. yThe bottom of the water wall may have, any preferred inclination downwardly' and backwardly, but a Very good arrangement is shown in full lines in Fig. 1 wherein the bottom extends upwardly toward the front from the drum a and terminates in a blow-od neck 21. The necks, 21u preferably penetrate the front wall of the boiler setting and are tightly capped or closed at that point. The blow-off connection which contains a blow-off Valve (not shown) appears at 26 (Fig. 1).

A steam outlet, 27, may be provided for each of the large drums, 2, or any other suitable outlet arrangement may be employed. The parts 2S are spaced hand-holes, which I provide in the tops of the drums 2 and 3. Vhen the boiler is to be cleaned internally, these hand-holes are opened; and-through them, a workman standing upon the top of the boiler inserts and uses the necessary cleaning tools; obviating the necessity of entering the drums for that purpose. VBy ineans'of ordi-nary power toolsl operated by flexible shafts, allof the water tubes and all of the interior surfaces of the waterwalls may be reached through the hand-holes 28.

As will be apparent, this boiler maycomprise a single large drum, 2, and two'small drums, 3, with the accompanying V4water walls, tubes, bottom drum and cross header. Or' the boiler may be typified by two-large top Adrums and one intermediate drum 3. And in brief, any desired number of the elemental units may be assembled within a single boiler setting, theV numberv thereof 'depending upon the steaming capacity which is desired or required. The exemplary boiler hereinshown,r is characterized by three drums 2 in association with two small drums, 3, three bottom drums, 4;, three banks'of tubes and five water-walls.

In operation the lflames from the Vfuel on the grate 18, being afforded a free upward passage between the several water-walls, rise to full propagation and maturity therein, and thus impart a maximum of radiant heat to all offthe surfaces of saidwalls. If desired,"di'fferent arrangements of fire brick arches may be employed between or among the vertical water walls for the purpose of increasing the flame travel between the grate and. the first point of impaetwith the banks of water tubes. Upon reaching the upper part-of the fire chamber, the flames and gases encounter the roof, composed'mainly of the drums 2 and 3, and thence pass among the tubes. From that point the fiow of gases follows the torturous course determined by the baffies, 15, and the heat of the non-fiaming gases is effectively transferred to the water tubes before the gases escape at the outlet 16. A

The boiler is filled with water to about half the height of the upper drums, 2, as well shown in Figs. .1 and 3. The highest temperatures of the fire are imparted to the water within t-he substantially triangular or fanshaped water walls, 21. Therein mulch steam is generated; and the columns of water therein being much lighter than the lll) corresponding columns in the cooler water tubes, a natural and at the same time extremely vigorous circulation is set up, the water descending through the tubes 10 from the drums 2 into the bottom drum 4 and thence rising through the intake necks 2l into the water walls and rising and expandingrapidly therein returns to the top drum. The aggregate area of the tubes exceeds that of the water-wall necks and hence the downward movement of water through the tubes l0 is never so rapid as to prevent the free rise of all steam generated therein. Obviously, the wide open top of each water wall is so many times larger than the intake neck that it affords a free. outlet for the water and steam. And at the top the steam finds ample surface for its free and quiet disengagement from the water. Therefore there is neither a suppression of steam disengagement nor a tendency to prime the steam at the boiler outlet.

As indicated, I prefer that the feed water shall enter the bottom drums a and sink to the bottom thereof, and there precipitate most of the impurities or solids, thence to be occasionally discharged through the connections l2 and l2.

To prevent any objectionable. disturbance of accumulations of mud on bottom of drums, 4, I prefer to employ baille plates, 4, therein, as indicated in Fig. l. These plates, one in each drum 4, receive the downward moving streams from the tubes 10 and to considerable extent prevent their penetration to the bottom of the drums, and thercfore insure a measure of quiet in a. body of cooler water in the bottoms thereof. In this manner the fed water is prevented from immediately encountering the hottest surfaces of the boiler, the temperature being first raised by admiXture with the hotter water from the tubes.

Various modifications of the structure herein shown and described will suggestthemselves t one who is skilled in the art and therefore I do not limit or restrict my invention thereto but rely upon the following claims to define the full scope of the invention for which I seek a patent.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

1. A steam boiler composed of boiler units placed side by side, each said unit comprising a long upper drum, a short lower drum, a bank of water tubes joining said drums, and a vertical water steaming and circulating wall forward of the lower drum and joining said drums, in combination with cross-communication headers respectively in the planes of and joining the upper drums and the lower` drums.

2. A steam boiler composed of boiler units placed side by side, each said unit comprising a long upper drum, a short lower drum va bank of water tubes joining said drums, and a vertical water steaming and circulating wall forward of the lower drum and joining said drums, in combination with cross-comunmication headers respectively iu the planes of and joining the upper drums and the lower drums, and a suitable setting enclosing said units and providing a fire chamber that encloses said walls.

3. A steam boiler composed of boiler units placed side by side, each said unit compris ing a long roof forming upper drum, a short lower drum, a bank of water tubes joining said drums, and a vertical water steaming and circulating wall forward of the lower drum and joining said drums, in combination with cross-communication headers respectively joining the upper drums and the lower drums, and a secondary roof forming drum alongside said upper drums and in header communication therewith.

4. A steam boiler composed of boiler units placed side by side, each said unit comprising a. long upper drum, a short lower drum, a bank of water tubes joining said drums, and a vertical water steaming and circulating wall forward of the lower drum and joining said drums, in combination with cross-communication headers respectively joining the upper drums and the lower drums, a secondary drum alongside said upper drums and in header communication therewith, and another water wall communieating with each secondary drum and connected with the lower cross header.

5. A steam boiler composed of a long upper drum, in combination with a short lower drum, a bank of water tubes joining said drums, a vertical water steaming and circulating wall forward of the lower drum and joining said drums, a roof-'forming secondary drum alongside said upper drum, a

,water steaming and circulating wall depending from said secondary drum, and means connecting the lower part of the last mentioned water wall to said lower drum.

6. A steam boiler composed of a long upper drum, in combination with a short lower drum, a bank of water tubes joining said drums, a vertical water steaming and circulating wall forward of the lower drum and joining said drums, roof-forning secondary drums, one on each side of said top drum, a water steaming and circulating wall depending from each said roof-forming drum, a cross-header upon said lower drum, and means connecting both last named water walls with said cross-header, whereby-all of the water steaming and circulating walls are placed in communication with said lower drum.

7. A steam boiler composed of a large top drum between two smaller drums, in combination with a crosswcommunication llO header joining said drums, a substantially Yto the large top drum and a bottom header at triangular lWater-steaming-and-circulating the endof said bottom drum and Which cross 10 Wall depending from each said drum, each connects thersame to the intake necks of the said Wall presenting an intake neck and a other Water Walls.

I blow-olf neck, a bank of Water tubes depend- In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set ing from one of said top drums, a short my hand this 22nd day ofV September, 1921.

bottom drum which receives said tubes and v Y the intake neck of the water Wall belonging CHARLES GILBERT HAWLEY. 

